Sperm health refers to the quality and viability of sperm cells, which directly impacts fertility and the chances of successful conception.
When it comes to reproductive health, much of the focus is often directed towards women.
It encompasses factors such as sperm concentration, sperm morphology (shape), and sperm motility.
Sperm morphology (shape): The shape of the sperm is also important for their ability to reach and fertilize an egg.
Maintain proper hygiene: Personal hygiene plays a crucial role in maintaining reproductive health.
Sperm health refers to the quality and viability of sperm cells, which directly impacts fertility and the chances of successful conception. (Image: Canva)
National infertility awareness week is observed from April 21 to 27 and it's crucial to shed light on the essential aspects of one's fertility health. When it comes to reproductive health, much of the focus is often directed towards women. However, male fertility plays an equally significant role in conception. Sperm health is crucial for achieving pregnancy and maintaining overall reproductive well-being.
Currently, approximately 9 percent of couples worldwide experience fertility difficulties, with men being responsible for 50 percent of the cases. It is important to recognize and acknowledge the role of men in the fertility process, provide them with guidance to optimize their sperm health, and offer resources to overcome obstacles and enhance their reproductive well-being, says Doctor Rashmi Agrawal, Fertility Expert, Nova IVF Fertility, Gurugram.
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How to determine sperm health
Sperm health refers to the quality and viability of sperm cells, which directly impacts fertility and the chances of successful conception. It encompasses factors such as sperm concentration, sperm morphology (shape), and sperm motility.
Sperm count: Sperm count refers to the concentration of sperm cells in a given volume of semen. A sperm concentration of less than 16 million per milliliter (ml) is generally associated with reduced fertility, says Agrawal.
Sperm movement: Sperm movement, also known as sperm motility, is an important factor in fertility. Having 42 percent or more of sperm displaying movement, with at least 30 percent actively swimming, is considered a good sperm count.
Sperm morphology (shape): The shape of the sperm is also important for their ability to reach and fertilize an egg. In a standard semen analysis, a normal shape is defined as 4 percent or more of sperm exhibiting normal morphology.
Recent research sheds light on the significance of sperm in a couple's fertility journey and emphasizes the importance of taking precautionary measures to ensure optimal sperm health. Studies and expert’s evaluation indicate that human sperm quality has declined by approximately 50% to 60% within the past four decades, and factors such as a high-fat diet, diabetes, and obesity have contributed to this decline.
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Ways to optimize sperm health
Male infertility and sperm health can be influenced by a range of factors, such as illnesses, chronic health conditions, injuries, and lifestyle choices. Dealing with difficulties in achieving parenthood can be emotionally draining and distressing. However, making certain lifestyle changes can often have a significant impact on promoting healthy sperm and improving fertility.
Medical and surgical conditions – According to Agrawal, Medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, renal disease, hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia are proven to affect the quality of sperm in men. Controlling the same is required but at the same time more attention needs to be paid to the medicines used, as few can also affect sperm quality. Treatment needs to be taken under proper medical guidance. Certain surgical conditions like varicocele, hydrocele, ejaculatory duct
obstruction, Epi/hypospadias can also lead to male infertility and simple surgical corrections for the same will gain the potential for conception back.
Maintain proper hygiene: Personal hygiene plays a crucial role in maintaining reproductive health. The male genital area is positioned outside the body to ensure a cooler temperature for sperm production. Instilling habits such as washing hands after using the restroom, keeping the genital region clean, and wearing clean, breathable underwear are important to prevent diseases and infections.
Regular screening of STIs: Sexually transmitted infections like HIV, Syphilis, Chlamydia, and Herpes can lead to male infertility. Since not all STDs have effective vaccines, prevention is key. Encouraging the use of contraception and practicing safe sex practices is the correct way forward.
Manage stress: High levels of stress can contribute to issues such as erectile, dysfunction, low libido, and decreased sperm mobility. Engaging in activities like meditation, yoga, pursuing hobbies, and seeking professional support can help individuals maintain a healthy balance in their personal and professional lives, ensuring optimal mental well-being.
Avoid substance use: Excessive use of tobacco or alcohol can have adverse effects on sperm quality, thereby increasing the risk of infertility. Regular alcohol consumption and tobacco use can lower testosterone levels, leading to erectile dysfunction and reduced sperm production.
Work life adjustments: Extended exposure to heat from computer systems placed on the lap can elevate scrotal temperature, potentially leading to a decrease in sperm count. It is advisable to use a table or desk for computers to prevent excessive heat in the pelvic area.
Routine check-ups: Regular visits to healthcare professionals allow individuals to optimize their reproductive health and can help detect any underlying conditions. This proactive approach helps to stay informed about one's health and identify any issues that may contribute to fertility issues in the future.
Well-balanced diet and exercise: Ensure that your diet includes a variety of
nutrient-rich foods such as leafy green vegetables, whole grains, legumes, fruits, and foods high in iron content. Physical fitness is important for a successful journey to parenthood. Regular exercise plays a significant role in fertility. However, it is important to note that excessive exercise can lead to more harm than good. Hence, it’s essential to strike a balance and avoid overexertion.
Avoid testosterone and steroids: A frequent consequence of testosterone replacement therapy is the suppression of natural testosterone production. However, there are both natural and medical approaches available to enhance testosterone levels without compromising fertility. Seek guidance from your fertility specialist in order to determine the best route for you to optimize testosterone while preserving fertility.
Consider supplements: Certain nutrients and antioxidants such as CoQ10,
Selenium and Zinc have been shown to have potential benefits for improving sperm counts and function. If you are experiencing challenges regarding fertility, it is advisable to consult a reproductive physician as a recommended course of action in order to identify the root causes. Conducting a semen analysis, which evaluates factors such as sperm count, morphology, and motility, can aid in identifying potential problems related to sperm, concludes Agrawal.
