Hong Kong Reports First Monkey Virus Case: Check Symptoms, First Aid And Preventive Measures

Hong Kong Reports First Monkey Virus Case (Image Credits: iStock)

The Centre for Health Protection (CHP) in Hong Kong has reported the emergence of the first human case of B virus , a rare occurrence where a virus has crossed from animals to humans. A 37-year-old male patient, currently in critical condition, has tested positive for the virus. Authorities are advising the public to avoid contact with wild monkeys to minimize the chances of contracting the virus.

What Is B Virus?

In the latest update from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it has been revealed that the B virus, also referred to as the herpes simiae virus, is causing concerns due to its flu-like symptoms. These symptoms include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, and headache, with onset possible within a month of exposure or as early as three to seven days afterwards. Additionally, individuals infected with the virus may experience shortness of breath and nausea, as stated on the CDC website.

Moreover, as the infection progresses, the appearance of blisters on the body becomes apparent. More alarmingly, the virus can advance to affect the brain and spinal cord, leading to inflammation. This neurological involvement may result in issues with muscle coordination, brain damage, and tragically, fatalities.

How Can B Virus Be Diagnosed?

Experts reveal that detection of the virus can now be diagnosed via a B virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test utilizing saliva samples or material obtained from blisters, if visible.

In related developments, Hong Kong records its initial case of the virus, although the CHP points out that occurrences of the virus have already been documented in various regions, such as the US, Canada, mainland China, and Japan.

How Does B Virus Spread?

As per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the human strain of the virus is primarily transmitted by macaque monkeys, which often carry the virus without exhibiting symptoms.

The CDC reports that the B virus is naturally harboured in the saliva, urine, and faeces of macaques, which are prevalent in regions like Hong Kong. Human infection can occur through bites or scratches from macaques, or when monkey tissue or fluids enter through existing cuts or scratches on human skin.

While other primates like chimpanzees can contract the virus and frequently succumb to it, there have been no documented instances of these primates transmitting the virus to humans. Presently, there exists no vaccine for this virus.

First Aid Tips For B Virus

In a recent advisory, the Hong Kong Center for Health Protection has urged individuals to cleanse any wounds caused by encounters with monkeys using running water and to promptly seek medical aid. The CDC recommends this advice, recommending a thorough washing of the wound with soap, detergent, or iodine for a duration of 15 minutes, followed by an additional 15 to 20 minutes under running water before seeking immediate medical attention.

While instances of humans contracting this virus are infrequent, the CDC's data reveals a historical context. Since its discovery in 1932, only 50 documented cases of infection have been recorded, resulting in 21 fatalities. Notably, individuals near macaques, such as veterinarians and laboratory personnel, face an elevated risk of exposure to the virus.

Preventive Measures For B Virus

Measures to Prevent B Virus Transmission:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Wear appropriate PPE such as gloves, masks, and goggles when handling macaques or working in environments where exposure to bodily fluids or tissues of primates is possible.

Hand Hygiene: Practice thorough hand hygiene by washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds after any contact with animals, their cages, or potentially contaminated surfaces.

Wound Care: Immediately wash and disinfect any wounds caused by macaques or exposure to their bodily fluids. Follow medical advice for wound care and seek prompt medical attention if necessary.

Safety Training: Provide comprehensive safety training to individuals working with macaques or in primate research facilities, emphasizing the risks associated with B virus and the necessary precautions to minimize transmission.

Environmental Controls: Implement appropriate environmental controls such as proper ventilation and waste management to minimize the risk of exposure to B virus in laboratory or research settings.

Surveillance and Testing: Regularly monitor macaques and other primates for B virus infection through surveillance programs and diagnostic testing. Promptly isolate and manage any animals found to be infected.