In menopause, hormonal changes trigger metabolic shifts that increase the risk of heart disease.
The decrease in estrogen leads to higher levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), which are associated with an increased risk of heart disease.
Insulin resistance: The body's ability to utilise insulin effectively can become compromised, potentially leading to type 2 diabetes, a major risk factor for heart disease.
Elevated blood pressure: The decline in estrogen can lead to an increase in blood pressure, further straining the heart and increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Story continues below Advertisement Remove AdTaking charge of your heart health:Despite the increased risk factors, women can significantly reduce their vulnerability to heart disease by prioritising preventive measures.
In menopause, hormonal changes trigger metabolic shifts that increase the risk of heart disease. (Image: Canva)
Heart disease is the primary cause of death among women, and its prevalence increases significantly after menopause. Understanding this phenomenon is crucial for developing targeted pharmaceutical interventions to reduce risks and improve cardiovascular health in postmenopausal women.
During menopause, the reduction in estrogen leads to an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often referred to as bad cholesterol, and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, known as good cholesterol. This hormonal change increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis, a condition where arteries become clogged with fatty deposits, thereby raising the likelihood of heart attacks and strokes.
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In menopause, hormonal changes trigger metabolic shifts that increase the risk of heart disease, says Dr Aravind Badiger, technical director of BDR Pharmaceuticals many women tend to gain weight, especially around the abdomen, which is linked to insulin resistance and a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Additionally, post-menopause, metabolic syndrome, which includes conditions such as hypertension, high blood sugar, excess abdominal fat, and abnormal cholesterol levels, becomes more common, further elevating the risk of heart disease, he adds.
According to the expert, after menopause, chronic inflammation intensifies and contributes to cardiovascular disease. Estrogen has anti-inflammatory properties that protect against the chronic inflammation which can damage arterial walls and lead to plaque formation. The decrease in estrogen leads to higher levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), which are associated with an increased risk of heart disease.
Menopause also coincides with other physiological changes that contribute to a higher risk profile, including-:
Increased abdominal fat: Fat distribution shifts from hips and thighs to the abdomen, harboring metabolically active visceral fat that can damage blood vessels, says Badiger.
Insulin resistance: The body's ability to utilise insulin effectively can become compromised, potentially leading to type 2 diabetes, a major risk factor for heart disease.
Elevated blood pressure: The decline in estrogen can lead to an increase in blood pressure, further straining the heart and increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.
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Taking charge of your heart health:
Despite the increased risk factors, women can significantly reduce their vulnerability to heart disease by prioritising preventive measures. Here's how to empower yourself as suggested by Badiger.
Know your numbers: Regularly monitor your blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Early detection allows for timely intervention and management.
Fuel your body right: Prioritise a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Opt for lean protein sources and limit saturated and unhealthy fats found in processed foods.
Move your body: Exercise is a cornerstone of heart health. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity most days of the week. Brisk walking, swimming, cycling choose activities you enjoy and can stick with.
Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight puts a strain on your heart. Losing even a modest amount of weight can significantly improve your heart health.
Kick the habit: If you smoke, quitting is one of the most impactful things you can do for your heart. Smoking damages blood vessels and increases the risk of blood clots.
Manage Stress: Chronic stress can elevate blood pressure and contribute to unhealthy lifestyle choices. Explore relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation to manage stress effectively.
Build your support system: Surround yourself with family and friends who encourage healthy habits and support your journey.
Schedule regular checkups: Don't wait for symptoms to show up. Regular checkups with your Dr allow for early detection of risk factors and potential issues.
