The Philippines and Japan have taken a big step in their security relationship.
Why This Agreement MattersCountering Chinese InfluenceA Japanese military presence in the Philippines could help balance China’s influence in the South China Sea.
China claims large parts of the South China Sea, which conflicts with claims of several Southeast Asian countries.
Background of Regional TensionsSouth China Sea DisputeIn 2016, an international court ruled that China’s claims in the South China Sea had no legal basis.
East China Sea DisputeJapan has its own separate dispute with China in the East China Sea.
The Philippines and Japan have taken a big step in their security relationship. They signed a new deal that allows their military forces to enter each other’s countries more easily. This comes at a time when there are growing concerns in the Indo-Pacific region.
The Reciprocal Access Agreement (RAA)
What is the RAA?
It’s a deal that makes it easier for military forces from both countries to visit each other.
It helps with military cooperation by simplifying the entry of foreign personnel and equipment.
Signing of the Agreement
Philippine defense minister Gilberto Teodoro and Japanese foreign minister Yoko Kamikawa signed the deal.
The signing happened in Manila, with Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. watching.
Status of the Agreement
This is Japan’s first such agreement in Asia.
It will start working after both countries’ lawmakers approve it.
Why This Agreement Matters
Countering Chinese Influence
A Japanese military presence in the Philippines could help balance China’s influence in the South China Sea.
China claims large parts of the South China Sea, which conflicts with claims of several Southeast Asian countries.
Strengthening Alliances
Both the Philippines and Japan are close allies of the United States.
They have taken strong positions against what they see as aggressive behavior by Chinese ships in disputed waters.
Background of Regional Tensions
South China Sea Dispute
In 2016, an international court ruled that China’s claims in the South China Sea had no legal basis.
China rejected this ruling.
East China Sea Dispute
Japan has its own separate dispute with China in the East China Sea.
Japan’s Changing Defense Posture
Military Build-up
In December 2023, Japan announced its biggest military increase since World War Two.
This marks a shift from Japan’s post-war pacifist stance.
Reasons for Change
Japan is worried about China’s actions, including: Pressure on Taiwan Issues with freedom of navigation Trade disputes
Philippines-Japan Cooperation
Support in Maritime Disputes
Japan has backed the Philippines’ position in the South China Sea.
Japan has expressed serious concern over China’s actions that have damaged Philippine ships and injured Filipino sailors.
Military Aid
Japan will provide coastal surveillance radars to the Philippines.
This is part of Japan’s Official Security Assistance program to help partner countries improve their defense capabilities.
Broader Context of Military Agreements
Philippines’ Other Agreements
The Philippines has Visiting Forces Agreements (VFA) with the United States and Australia.
Japan’s Similar Agreements
Japan has RAA deals with Australia and Britain.
It’s working on a similar agreement with France.
Japan hosts the largest number of U.S. forces outside of the United States.
Limitations and Future Prospects
Limits on Japanese Military Aid
Japan has a self-imposed ban on exporting lethal equipment.
This limits the scope of military aid Japan can provide.
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